Tutti i libri editi da Vita e Pensiero - libri Studi di Sociologia Vita e Pensiero (224)

L’uso di droghe tra senso soggettivo e risposta sistemica digital

Anno: 2010

A. BERTOLAZZI, Drugs consumption between subjective sense and social system. The current drugs consumption became now a global and transversal phenomena, in relation to social and structural variables like age, sex, educational level, socio-economic status. Starting from Ardigo’s insights, this paper suggests a better comprehension of the issue by analyzing two perspective. On the one hand, drugs use could be understood as a transaction crisis between vital worlds and social system. So systemic sense spreads alarmistic informations on drugs danger, whereas a different inter-subjective sense moves along vital worlds. It deals with the normalization of recreational and sensitive drugs use. On the other hand, this kind of «break in common sense communication» offers a severe challenge to current national drugs strategy and to organizational structures. Through Ardigò’s reflections on the necessary shiftings of social policies for overcoming the crisis of welfare state, 4 drug abuse service systems will be put in comparison. Key words: drugs consumption, welfare state, vital world, national drugs strategy, Ardigò.

€ 6,00

Welfare e tecnologie comunicative nella sociologia della salute di Achille Ardigò digital

di Carmine Clemente

Anno: 2010

C. CLEMENTE, Welfare and ICT in health sociology by Achille Ardigò. Achille Ardigò has devoted a considerable importance to the use of Internet in the public and private health sector, both in the impact analysis and, more importantly, in the actual promotion of health services. He was envisaging, with large anticipation, the great potential of ICT, which would favour a better responses to health issues, also in terms of administrative and management efficiency. At the same time, he did not neglect to take into consideration some of the threats within Internet revolution: the risk of a «self service» behaviour from the patient’s side and that of a backward push of public with respect to private actors in the access to health care market. This paper reviews the scientific commitment of Achille Ardigò in figuring out an e-Health model in contrast to system theory and to micro-macro relationship, in the light of new health environment contexts and of new European models of welfare society. Key words: welfare, e-health, Ardigò, web, health system.

€ 6,00

Il ruolo della comunicazione nel sistema sanitario negli scritti di Achille Ardigò digital

di Vanessa Dioguardi

Anno: 2010

V. DIOGUARDI, Communication role in health system in Achille Ardigò works. The aim of this paper is to explain how Achille Ardigò treated the issue of health communication in his works. In the first part of the paper, we will review the Ardigo’s thought about the concept of communication. We will find out that Ardigò regards communication as the cornerstone of the society. In the second part, we will focus on the specific role played by communication within the health system; the Ardigò’s opinion is that communication should promote forms of relationship and participation. Therefore we will examine features that good communication should have to enable recipients of health services to get out of passive state. Key words: Ardigò, communication, health communication, health system.

€ 6,00

Achille Ardigò e la «sociologia della composizione». La sfida dell’umanizzazione delle reti telematiche nel welfare sanitario digital

di Maurizio Esposito

Anno: 2010

M. ESPOSITO, Achille Ardigò and the «Sociology of Composition». The challenge of the humanization of Information and Communication Technologies in the Health System. The article aims to highlight the «compositive» vocation of Sociology of Achille Ardigò, especially in the field of humanization of Information and Communication Technologies in the Health System. This beruf finds expression in the continuous and uninterrupted references – not only from a theoretical and axiological point of view, but also in a heuristic and applicatory sense – to a sociology based on key words of: composition, cooperation, complementarity, compatibility, connection. This Sociology may finally realize the Homo Civicus of the modern society, in which high subjectivity and high level of existential significance are fully realized, and that constitutes the entire realization of the concept of “person”. The rationalization of the Health System doesn’t mean, according to Ardigò, a de-humanization of the relationship and the networks, but on the contrary the Information and Communication Technologies, and especially the Web, must be used in a complementary and subsidiary way, so that relations between operators and clients, patients and their families could be further improved and appreciated, in a «social utilization» of the new technologies. Key words: new technologies, person, composition, humanization, networks.

€ 6,00

Fenomenologia della governance. La costruzione partecipata delle politiche socio-sanitarie e le sfide emergenti digital

di Davide Galesi

Anno: 2010

D. GALESI, Governance phenomenology. Participated construction of social and health policies and emerging challenges. Referring to the sociology of Ardigò, this paper aims to discuss the construction of governance in contemporary health policies. From a theoretical perspective, the principle of empathy emphasizes the empowerment of local communities in those planning processes that affect the determinants of health. From an empirical perspective, the principle of ambivalence extends the possibilities of methodological integration, not only between quantitative and qualitative approaches, but also between research and decision making techniques. From an operative perspective, these assumptions call for the implementation of more inclusive strategies, opening a collaboration both with other professions and with the non-expert knowledge of informal social networks. At different but connected levels, the phenomenological proposal of the author stimulates researchers to break down self-referential frame, building policies which are effectively opened to needs and resources emerging in the lifeworld. Key words: governance, phenomenology, methodological integration, health, participation.

€ 6,00

Cercare di andare un po’ più avanti: il contributo di Ardigò alla sociologia digital

di Elvira Martini

Anno: 2010

E. MARTINI, Looking a little further ahead: the contribution of Ardigò to sociology. Achille Ardigò has shown that «any research of truth, especially scientific truth, requires inter-subjectivity as initial process of control and objectivity in scientific knowledge». In his conception, no knowledge makes sense if it is separated from the real introspective and emphatic and communicative process. For this reason, he calls for a deeper analysis on sociality of science and technology as the social perspective – in the application of new technologies – encourages the human being to be regarded as source and final target of all and any scientific knowledge (science is therefore considered as observer dependant). In my opinion Science and Technology Studies are a good example to confirm the afore-going as the former have envisaged different approaches to study the human and social dimension within every new piece of knowledge and technology (Ardigò’s inter-subjective objectivity). These studies sustain that social research cannot be restricted to the impacts of science and technology on society, but it should also focus on the way and manner stakeholders’ networks are set up and yield results in the scientific and technological domains including also any cognitive-operational strategies and social factors which foster the diffusion of such scientific and technological output. Key words: individual, empathy, conscience, knowledge, technology.

€ 6,00

L’empatia tra neuroni e medicina: attualità di un concetto molto ardigoiano digital

di Antonio Maturo

Anno: 2010

A. MATURO, Empathy between neurons and medicine: topicality of an Achille Ardigò concept. The concept of empathy is central in Ardigo’ sociology, but in which areas is empathy important nowadays? In my analysis I have found three areas in which empathy has a considerable epistemological reputation. Specifically, I describe Jeremy Rifkin Era of Empathy; after that I take into consideration what is considered one of the most important discovery in neuroscience of the last fifty years: the mirro-neurons, that is the neurons of empathy. Third, in Sociology of health, empathy appears to be an important analitical tool in order to practice the Narrative-Based Medicine. There is also a place in which empathy is incredibly missing: mental diagnosis. As a matter of fact the DSM-IV is based on symptoms and on very «objective» descriptions without caring much on the subjectivity of the patient. Finally, I try to consider how Ardigò would have. Key words: empathy, Ardigò, mirror-neurons, Rifkin, Narrative-Based Medicine.

€ 6,00

Achille Ardigò e la «condizione anziana», tra analisi sociologica e prospettive di innovazione sociale digital

di Fabio Piccoli

Anno: 2010

F. PICCOLI, Achille Ardigò and «elderly condition», between sociological analysis and perspectives of social innovation. Ardigò’s contribution for the development of a full sociological knowledge about elderly condition has been very important. It has embraced several subject areas, often combining theoretical elaboration with field research and even field-testing. The aim of my paper is to provide a synthetic representation of Ardigò’s contribution, by following some guidelines: the analysis of senescence differentiation processes in relation to the broader process of social differentiation; studies and experiments on elderly home care and, more generally, I.C.T.; the exhortation of elderly to a greater civic and political engagement for the construction of our future society. Key words: elderly condition, social differentiation, senescence processes, elderly services, elderly partecipation.

€ 6,00

Achille Ardigò e la sociologia del territorio digital

di Giovanna Pisi

Anno: 2010

G. PISI, Achille Ardigò and the Sociology of the territory. My contribution focuses on three books: Female emancipation and urbanism, The metropolitan area and The urban spread. My aim is stressing the intellectual path of Achille Ardigò, who shifted from rural Sociology to urban Sociology. Female emancipation is considered in its several elements, and all of them are connected to urbanism; in particular, the movements from rural to urban areas are mentioned. Some elements from the Ecological Chicago School and the Talcott Parsons’ theory are used as tools to deal with urbanization and urban spread trends, which were studied by Ardigò since the middle of the 1960s. Some concepts like Dominance and Planning are considered too; Ardigò used them to face the emergencies of the metropolitan area as a social system: in this case, Parsons' functional prerequisites are used as a «compass» to define such concepts, and to combine theory and empirical research. Key words: female emancipation, Talcott parson’s theories, metropolitan area, dominance, planning.

€ 6,00

La globalizzazione della survey. Storia, limiti e opportunità digital

di Giampietro Gobo

Anno: 2010

G. GOBO, The globalization of surveys: its evolution, weaknesses and opportunities It is common to consider that the standardized interview and survey were born together, or at the very least that their union is indissoluble. It is not true. Standardized interview met the survey in the 1920s only, when the last was already mature, with almost a hundred years of experience behind it. So the idea of standardizing the survey came along quite late. It was only in the 1930s that the two were definitively linked, when the survey betrayed its roots to become the methodology that we know today. Survey, survey interview and standardized interview are not synonyms. The survey is a methodology and may be identified with the entire process of research (from design to data analysis); the survey interview is the method by which the survey gathers its data. Finally, the standardized interview, which has become dominant in the last century, is a particular instrument for collecting survey data. Unfortunately, most research practice and survey literature has collapsed these three different terms and concepts into one and the same thing. The central aim of this essay is to maintain the distinction and to affirm that the survey can stand quite well on its own without the standardized interview, just as it did between the 1820s and the 1920s. Indeed, abandoning the standardized interview would breathe new life into the survey, putting it more in tune with the present. Key words: interview, questionnaire, survey, globalization.

€ 6,00

Le difficoltà dei sondaggi politici digital

di Nando Pagnoncelli

Anno: 2010

N. PAGNONCELLI, Talking about political poll’s problems In recent years, forecasts based on political surveys have often been contradicted by electoral results. This essay aims to review possible methodological and epistemological sources of error related to pre-electoral forecasting. This question relates in the first instance to the use that customers and the media make of polls. Some other possible bias is to be found in the role of the media during electoral campaigns, in the relationship between the media and polls (and politics), and in difficulties arising from specific topics covered by some political surveys. Finally, some bias comes from epistemological problems innate to political studies themselves and, above all, to methodological limits related to the choice of polling technique. Key words: poll, election, response bias, social desirability, coverage error.

€ 6,00

La (non) quantificazione nello studio della società. Indicatori sociali tra controllo sociale e partecipazione democratica digital

di Paolo Parra Saiani

Anno: 2010

P. PARRA SAIANI, The (non) quantification in the study of society. Social indicators between social control and democratic participation The social indicators movement seems to be regaining its appeal. It was an heir to the supporters of quantification in the Social Sciences, as numbers were believed to be objective and scientific per se. Echoing the London Statistical Society’s policy that was declared two decades earlier, the newly created Statistical Society of Paris resolved in 1860 that «statistics is nothing else than the knowledge of the science of facts». It was, their statutes continued, an indispensable science for a liberal state: «It ought to provide the basis upon which society is governed». But the aspiration to know the territory was not always the simple thirst for knowledge: initial attempts were conducted by governments to carry out a policy of control and taxation. Only in the mid-18th century did many initiatives flourish. These concerned the collection of information in a more democratic spirit: information was now considered to be a citizen’s right. The study of society in its various dimensions has stimulated the search for and construction of statistical indicators and indices. The search for a better way of studying the progress of societies has often led to inappropriate uses of indicators and measures. GNP, for example, has been commonly considered to be an indicator of wellbeing. The lack of a conceptual frame for studying well-being is not the only problem, nor even the greatest. Of similar importance are the meagre statistical skills of journalists and policy-makers. All together, these elements facilitate limiting the use of data in public debate. In this paper, I will consider the shift from political arithmetic to modern social reports (par. 1); the success of quantification in the Social Sciences (par. 2); the use of quantification (par. 3); the validity of official statistics (par. 4); the current non-use of quantification and the search for contextual conditions that interfere with the transformation of information into knowledge (par. 5). Key words: social indicators, policy, democracy, quantification, well-being, knowledge.

€ 6,00