Emergenza, riduzione, relazione: il paradigma della sociologia relazionale e il dualismo tra struttura e cultura
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In the last 30 years many philosophers and sociologists have been discussing on the relation body-mind: neurosciences enhanced and improved this debate and offered more and more detailed topics. Some argue for a dualism body-mind (two different natures), some for a «false question», then eliminating the nature of mind (eliminative materialism); the third way is emergentism: mind is a sui generis nature that emerges from neurological activities and interactions of brain. This paper aims to tackle the contemporary sociological debate on dualism between individualism and holism and on the question dealing structure and agency, trying to demonstrate how both emergentism and relational sociology (Donati) can be considered intertwined. The Social Relation is literally to intend as an emergent reality from interaction among individuals. Georg Simmel was the first sociologist who peremptorily tried to demonstrate this view on relation as tertium datur. Recently Donati addresses the relational paradigm as the key to explain social facts and social life. The Social Relation neither hypostasizes, nor is referable to the social structure or reducible to individual agency. From the perspective of relational sociology is then possible to consider the social action beyond the systemic theories and structural approaches that nullifies intentional individual agency and that reduce individual choices to impersonal actions. The relational perspective enquires and tries to comprehend social phenomenon primarily as a human «fact».
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